Well guys, I can say, that the solution was found. And the help came from russian software developer, who lives now in US.
The problem was in blocked by my internet provider DNS addresses, where Adobe keeps its Updates.
How it was solved:
1. I downloaded free software "Wireshark.app" and installed it.
2. Connect my Mac via cable to modem.
3. Run Wireshark.app and it started recording.
4. I tried to connect to Adobe Download Servers.
5. Failed.
6. Analyse Wireshark.app log file.
7. Added manually to hosts file the download server address
96.17.177.26 download.adobe.com
80.150.2.210 swupdl.wip4.adobe.com